This discussion paper outlines the state of the information environment in Australia in comparison to other countries, focusing on the perceived threat of misinformation and disinformation on public information quality. Drawing on international literature, data, and recent Australian case studies—including the 2023 Voice to Parliament referendum, and political campaigns like ‘Mediscare’ and the ‘Death Tax’—it examines the scale, nature, spread, and effects of misinformation in democracies. Within the context of existing policy such as Australia’s voluntary Code of Practice on Disinformation and Misinformation, and 2023 draft exposure bill extending the functions and sanctions of the Code, the paper identifies key lessons to shape a data-driven research agenda aimed at enhancing democratic resilience and social cohesion in Australia.